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We can say that Basis is the operating system for SAP applications and ABAP. Basis provides services such as communication with the operating system, database communication, memory management, application data collection at runtime, web requests, business data exchange, etc.
Our SAP Basis trainings and courses originate from our practical work in companies. All SAP Basis trainings for system administration and administrators are conducted by SAP certified experts, who know what they are talking about, because they mainly realize SAP projects at our customers.
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This is the heart of the SAP system. In the classic three-tier model, this would be the logic or control layer. One or more application servers host the necessary services for the various applications at this layer. These application servers provide all the services required by the SAP applications. In theory, a single server could fill this role. In practice, these services are in most cases distributed among several servers, each serving different applications.
Understanding the structure and functioning of the system is especially important for IT administration. It is not for nothing that "SAP Basis Administrator" is a separate professional field. On the page www.sap-corner.de you will find useful information on this topic.
Administrators often need to replicate part or all of a database, for example, to create a system backup or test an upgrade before putting it into production. In the past, this was surprisingly difficult to do with most databases. With HANA, replication works instantly and offers richer features and better control than previous databases.
The "Shortcut for SAP Systems" tool is ideal for doing many tasks in the SAP basis more easily and quickly.
If you look at everything I've described up front in its entirety, it quickly becomes clear which direction things are headed: the SAP basis will increasingly move toward an SRE-centric environment over the next decade.
So much information... how can you keep it so that you can find it again when you need it? That's what Scribble Papers is great for.
Both components are only parts of an SAP Basis architecture (see Structure of SAP Basis).